The Effect of Substance Abuse on Domestic Violence

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Introduction:
Human rights are violated, and there is a serious and persistent public health problem with violence against women, especially in close relationships and sexual assault.mainly taking into account this violence.Seldom are incidents isolated; instead, they typically increase in frequency and intensity.[1] Any act of gender-based violence, whether conducted in private or public, that has the potential to cause physical, sexual, or mental pain or suffering to women is classified as domestic violence.This definition also includes threats of such acts, coercion, or arbitrarily depriving a woman of her freedom [2].The psychological effects of an abusive and unsatisfactory marriage have been more pronounced for both spouses and children [3].
Adolescence is a time when aggressive conduct is frequently seen.In addition, is one of the most significant mental health issues affecting teenagers, linked to a variety of behavioral and psychological [4] On the other hand, the connection between drug use and domestic violence is becoming more widely acknowledged globally [5].The World Health Organization (WHO) defines substance abuse as a risky/harmful habit of addictive drugs, including alcohol and illegal narcotics [6].
AUDs, or alcohol use disorders, are.Disability adjusted life years for the age ranges of 15 to 44 were caused by alcohol use disorders, ranking among the top five causes.The most recent global statistics indicates that 3 million deaths were attributed to hazardous alcohol usage.[7] It has a significant impact on every aspect of society, including the high expense of healthcare, the impact on people's families and physical and mental health, and the negative consequences on society due to crime and violence [8].Recent meta-analyses have demonstrated a connection between alcohol use disorders and a higher risk of a number of adverse outcomes [9].
After 2003, drug abuse became more of an issue in Iraq, especially among young people.This was caused by a multitude of factors, including a decline in strong religious beliefs, an increase in domestic abuse, and a lack of hope for this generation's future [10] Concern over how conflicts and wars affect drug use in Iraq is growing [11].Drug misuse has emerged as a major issue for the people of Iraq; in addition, drugs have an impact on the country because of their direct health impacts, and they are a major factor in many crimes and terrorist activities [12].
Many factors lead people to use drugs, such as peer pressure, sensation seeking, and self-medication for psychological and physiological conditions.[13] The majority of these patients put off getting therapy because they believed they didn't require it [14].
It is regarded as a brain disorder since research has demonstrated that drugs and alcohol physically alter the way the brain functions and is organized.Particularly, it has been demonstrated that drugs and alcohol affect brain regions that might result in poor judgment, a loss of self-control, an inability to regulate emotions, as well as a lack of motivation, memory, and learning function.[15] Families and healthcare professionals are working together more frequently to address individual health issues and offer recommendations for bettering the quality of service [16].

Design
Correlational descriptive study: this kind of design involves using a questionnaire to collect data on the presence or quantity of one or more variables of interest.The questionnaires include questions about demographic characteristics, The Simple Screening Instrument for Substance Abuse (SSI-SA) 16

2-The Malayalam Domestic Violence Scale
Data collection procedure: The researcher interviewed the participants (addicted patients), explained the instructions, answered their questions, persuaded them to join, and thanked them for their help.Individual bases were utilized for the interview procedures, and each interview lasted 15-20 minutes after the steps that must be included in the study design were taken. .

Data Analysis:
Analyzing data is an essential step in nursing research, wherein various methods are employed to describe and assess information gathered by the researcher.The choice of analysis method depends on the nature of the collected data, with quantitative research specifically utilizing descriptive and inferential statistics to analyze numerical data.(O'Connor, 2020) [17] The data were analyzed and interpreted through use of the application of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 26.0.This table manifests that there is positive significant relationship between substance use among clients and domestic violence among their wives at p-value= .037.

DISCUSSION
The results of the data analysis demonstrated how the sample was distributed based on sociodemographic characteristics, revealing an average age of (26±4) years old and 78% of them falling into the category of "20-less than 30 years old."The widespread notion that drug use impairs the productivity of the youngest and most productive age group is supported by this study.Similar findings were seen in several investigations [18].although some people found different outcomes [19] and it is 24+_ 4 years for wives.Furthermore, 78% of their brides are between the ages of 20 and under 30.The educational backgrounds of the clients show that 38% have completed elementary school, while 36% of their spouses have completed intermediate school.Results in line with the study's findings show that divorced education, regardless of how common it is among spouses, has a protective effect against domestic violence.When it came to domestic violence, couples with similar levels of education were the most vulnerable [20].
In terms of employment, 82% of substance-abusing clients work for free, whilst 78% of their spouses are stay-at-home moms.This study runs counter to that of Lamptey (2006), who discovered that drug usage is more prevalent in young men, those from dysfunctional homes, and students who drop out of school.Regarding actions connected to one's work, [21].
According to the monthly income, 42% of participants get an average income of between 601000 and 900000 Iraqi dinars.An increasing body of research suggests that teenagers from higher socioeconomic backgrounds may potentially be more vulnerable to substance use disorders.Research suggests that adult substance use, especially alcohol use, may be price-sensitive, with some research finding that consumption declines with price rises.According to reports from others, there exists an indirect correlation between substance use problem and low family socioeconomic level.[22] [23].60% of clients with high scores for violence were wives of clients who reported moderate to moderate levels of violence.This result is in line with the previously mentioned study's findings.Substance abuse in general, alcoholism, and drug abuse were strongly associated with victimization and violence.[24].Substance abuse among clients is positively correlated with domestic violence among their spouses.Research emphasizes the importance of awareness and intervention by showing how substance misuse, particularly drug use, is a significant contributing factor to domestic violence.[25].

1 -
-item.The Malayalam Domestic Violence Scale is a 20-item Study Sitting survey in two drug rehabilitation centers: the Al-Hayat Recovery Center at Al-Hussein Teaching Hospital, which is in the city of Nasiriyah, and the Ibn Al-Rushd Teaching Hospital for Psychiatry in Baghdad, Dhi Qar, Iraq from 8 January 2024 to 1 March 2024 Study instruments: The Simple Screening Instrument for AOD (SSI-AOD).

Age group (year)
The tableindicates that 82% of clients with substance use are working with free works while 78% of their wives are housewives This table indicates that 68% of clients are with severe substance use problems (M±SD= 13.14±1.654).
f: Frequency, %: Percentage, M: Mean, SD: Standard deviation This figure indicates that 42% of participants are within monthly income of 601000 -900000 Iraqi dinars.

Table ( 3
-7): Relationship between Substance Use among Clients and Domestic Violence among their Wives (N=50)This table manifests that wives of clients with substance use associated with moderate violence as reported among 60% with high score of violence (M±SD= 41.66±11.406).